History And Formation Of Enron - 966 Words

History and Formation of Enron Enron was formed through the merger of Houston Natural Gas (HNG) of Houston, Texas and InterNorth of Omaha, Nebraska. HNG covered the Florida and California market, their pipelines running from east to west. InterNorth catered the Iowa and Minnesota market, their pipelines running from north to south. HNG was formed in 1920, providing gas to retail customers in Houston. The company sold its retail gas business in 1920 and ventured into the gas exploration and production business. In the year 1984, HNG had $3.7 billion in assets, over $2 billion in sales and booked profits of $123 million. In 1984, InterNorth had revenues of $7.5 billion. The reason behind the merger was that InterNorth faced the threat of a buyout by corporate raiders as it had low debt and high revenues. The conservative operations and low debt of InterNorth made it a target for corporate raiders who planned to use its cash reserves and borrowing capacity to extract funds for themselves. On the other hand, HNG had borrowed heavily to expand its pipelines in the Florida and California markets. Therefore, merging with Houston Natural Gas made perfect sense as it fended off corporate raiders. In May 1984, InterNorth acquired HNG for $2.4 billion, under the leadership of Sam Segnar who was the CEO of InterNorth at that time. The negotiations for HNG were handled by John Wing and he was able to negotiate a price for HNG shares which was 40% higher than the ongoing market price.Show MoreRelatedEnron Was An American Gas Company1480 Words   |  6 PagesWhen many people discuss Enron, they immediately associate it with one of the most scandalous accounting scams in history. Enron was an American gas company that arose as the Northern Natural Gas Company in 1931. Internorth was a holding company in headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska, purchased the Northern Natural Gas Company and restructured it is 1979. Founder Kenneth Lay formed the company by merging the two companies and created Enron. Enron was f ounded in 1985, as one of the world s leadingRead More1 What Problems Did Enron EncounteredMany1303 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ 1. What problems did Enron encountered? Many went sour in the early months of 2001 as Enron’s stock price and debt rating imploded because of loss of investor and creditor trust Methods the company used to disclose (or creatively obscure) it’s complicated financial dealings were erroneous and, in the view of some, downright deceptive The company’s lack of transparency in reporting its financial affairs, followed by financial restatements disclosing billions of dollars of omitted liabilities andRead MoreThe Smartest Guys Of The Room, Or The Most Unethical?1723 Words   |  7 Pagesbe for an organizational formation or individual, there is always a cost. After a number of scandals from ethical misconduct within Enron, the proper course of action was once questionable, but now revealed. Nevertheless, organizations continue to struggle with moral decision-making on a daily basis as they consider the cost of making such decisions. Throughout this paper, I will discuss the key components of the ethical decision making process, the connection between Enron, and personal experienceRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Act of 20021322 Words   |  6 Pageson markets that are consider as secondary markets like the New York Stock Exchange. The Securities Act of 1933 also provides the requirements for financial reporting and audi ting for corporations (University of Phoenix, 2014). When looking at the history of the business environment regulatory compliance has been part of the process of conducting business. In addition, in most industries the different organizations are going to find different rules and regulations that are presented by the governmentRead MoreDreams Of Avarice : The Rise Of Money And Credit Essay1317 Words   |  6 PagesCompany. He does give a warning however about Enron’s scam of investors. Fergusson said that employees of Enron would tell lies and act like they were even selling broadband width in order to inflate numbers and show a profit where there was not a profit. There is also speculation that Enron was behind the California fires in the early 2000s in order to raise energy prices in hopes if getting Enron our of the financial hole that they dug themselves into. This was the beginning of distrust into majorRead MoreThe Rise and Fall of Enron2970 Words   |  12 PagesThe Leadership of Kenneth Lay 5 Contributing Factors for Enron’s Debacle 7 Power Abuse 7 Fraudulent Accounting Practices 7 Employees and Board members 8 Investors Grief 9 Auditors and external regulatory agency 9 Conclusion 9 The debacle of Enron, led not only the company to bankruptcy but also its employees and shareholders. Unethical leadership and vested interests played a significant role in its imminent failure. Very few had the courage to challenge authority and leave when faced withRead MoreCorporate Scandals and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 20023268 Words   |  14 Pagesthe cooperation of officials in other organizations or affiliates. The accounting profession has been ridiculed by the corporate scandals that took place in the last decade. A few of the companies that are most commonly known for these scandals are Enron, Sunbeam, WorldCom and Cendant. Some of the leading public accounting firms have been accused of negligence in the execution of their duties as auditors to identify and prevent the publication of misrepresentations in the financial statements of theRead MoreEnron And Its Impact On Enron s Corporate Bankruptcy Essay1811 Words   |  8 Pages Enron was founded in 1985 by Kenneth Lay and by the mid 90s under the tutelage of Jeff Skilling, it was being touted as a revolutionary company that was destined to change the face of business and the energy industry. However, by 2001 it became clear that Enron’s astronomical growth and sustained profitability was built upon fraudulent grounds. The company was stashing debt but continued to report profits. Employees were taking huge risk and gambling exo rbitant amounts and many were outright stealingRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act Of 20022137 Words   |  9 PagesCorporations around the world have exhibited ethical business practices. However, some corporations gave into unethical business practices such as fraud, dishonesty, and scams. One particular dishonest act that remained common amongst companies such as Enron, WorldCom, and Tyco was the fabrication of financial statements. These companies were reporting false information on their financial statements so that it would appear that the companies were making profits. However, those companies were actually losingRead MoreEnrons Questionable Transactions And Arthur Andersens Troubles2175 Words   |  9 PagesCourse Project: Enron s Questionable Transactions and Arthur Andersen s Troubles Enron and â€Å"Arthur Anderson LLP (AA)† both started out as reputable companies, but in the end both became unethical (Brooks Dunn, 2015, p. 98). Many experts believe this was due to a paradigm shift in their â€Å"corporate cultures† (Brooks Dunn, 2015, p. 1-608). This shift in employee behavior can be observed from the many questionable strategies that Enron carried out with the enablement of AA. Therefore, this paper

The Religious Beliefs Of Islam - 846 Words

Beliefs are important in Islam. Right beliefs about God, the universe, and humanity is of primary concern to Muslims. The Qur’an, the sacred text of Islam states, Righteous is he who believes in Allah and the Last Day and the Angels and the Scriptures and the Prophets (2:177). Belief in these doctrines, as well as many others, are important to Muhammad s followers, both past and present. On November 20th I had the opportunity to attend to a Muslim Mosque in which I learned a lot. Not only did I learn what Muslims believe in but I was able to watch how they pray and what their day of service consists of. Like Judaism and Christianity, Islam teaches that there is one God in the universe, giving Muslims a monotheistic worldview. Muslims believe that there is only one God in which they call Allah. Allah is one, creator, and sovereign. According to Muslims, God sent a number of prophets to mankind to teach them how to live according to His law. Jesus, Moses and Abraham are respected as prophets of God but they believe that Muhammad, the founder of Islam, is revered as the Seal of the Prophets - the last and greatest of the messengers of God. He is not divine in any way, for the strict monotheism that characterizes Islam (as well as Judaism) does not allow for such an interpretation. Although not all of these faiths agree on who is, and who isn t, a prophet. For example, Christians believe John the Baptist was a prophet and Jews and Muslims don t. And Muslims believe thatShow MoreRelatedIslam Is A System Of Religious Beliefs And An All Encompassing Way Of Life Essay2506 Words   |  11 PagesIslam is a system of religious beliefs and an all-encompassing way of life. Muslims believe that God (Allah) revealed to the Prophet Muhammad the rules governing society and the proper conduct of society s members. Therefore, it is incumbent on the individual to live in a manner prescribed by the revealed law and incumbent on the community to build the perfect human society on earth according to holy injunctions. â€Å"The distinction between religious and secular law is a recent development that reflectsRead MoreThe Rise and Spread of Islam1129 Words   |  5 PagesThe Rise and Spread of Islam The world you once knew is falling to ashes and food is become such a scarcity that people are fighting over a few pieces of bread. The political class is too busy fighting among themselves to care for anyone else. Children are roaming the streets and begging for work to feed their dying, hungry stomachs. This is not a scene from a horror movie, but rather the reality of the beginning of post classical era. In these times of hardship the people turned to a higher powerRead MoreIslam s Views On Islam942 Words   |  4 PagesIslam is one of the Abrahamic Religions and, in fact, it is the last one. It is also one of the major religions of the world. Lately, Islam is extremely misunderstood because people often view Islam in a wrong light due to the very strong negative depictions of Islam in some movies and popular news and the continually unfairly reports of the media. This research paper, illuminates and reviews Islam and how its began, by its Prophet Muhammad until his death. Summarizing some of its practices and beliefsRead MoreEssay on Islam The Straight Path989 Words   |  4 Pages Islam The Straight Path   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An evaluation of the book by John L. Esposito: Islam The Straight Path. In this book , Esposito provides a succinct, up-to-date survey of the Islamic experience, an introduction to the faith, belief, and practice of Islam from its origins to its contemporary resurgence. He traces the emergence and development of this dynamic faith and its impact on world history and politics. He discusses the formation of Islamic belief and practice (law, theology, philosophy,Read MoreThe Philosophies Of Christianity And Islam And Their Impact On The Patient s Care Essay1294 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent backgrounds and beliefs is an important one. The United States is made up of a multitude of cultures with distinct religions and beliefs. Treating the whole person includes not just what is ailing the body but also recognizing the spiritual side of the patient. Healthcare providers must remain open minded and take into consideration the rituals and beliefs of the patient in order to provide sensitive care. This paper will discuss the worldviews of Christianity and Isla m and their impact on theRead MoreReligious Beliefs And The Bible1290 Words   |  6 PagesReligious beliefs have been around for almost as long as man himself, emphasizing the importance of existential meaning. These beliefs hold very important values that are often neglected by many. Almost every religion teaches the overall importance of morality, defining the need for one to protect themselves and others from the dangers that are present in the world. However, many religions have conflicting views on the ideals that are not related to morality. For example, Judaism teaches that theRead MoreThree Main Religions in the Continent of Asia907 Words   |  4 Pagesreligions; Christian, Judaism, or Islam. These religions all have different practices, rituals, and teachings but also have some similarities. Each religion has their own holy book, key cites, worship places, and special religious holidays. In Southwest Asia, your religion is based on your family history, beliefs, custom s, and traditions. The first religion to get founded was Judaism, nearly four thousand years ago. Judaism originated as the beliefs and practices of the people knownRead MoreCultural And Religious Beliefs On Courtship And Marriage Essay720 Words   |  3 PagesExploring Cultural and/or Religious Beliefs on Courtship and Marriage Page 1 Exploring Islam’s Cultural and Religious Beliefs on Marriage FAS 331: Marriage/Family Relationships Sylvia Rico Arizona State University Exploring Cultural and/or Religious Beliefs on Courtship and Marriage Page 2 Exploring Islam’s Cultural and Religious Beliefs on Marriage Islamic views on marriage is not restricted to aRead MoreChristianity and Islam Essay948 Words   |  4 PagesChristianity and Islam are the two largest religions in the world, founded upon the principal belief that there is one God who created the world. Nevertheless, both ideologies have their own accounts that have contradicted each other since their beginnings. As time changed these religious sects have undergone a numerous number of events that question their validity and have led to controversy in recent years. Unequivocally both sects differ in many significant fragments of their doctrinesRead MoreSchool Of Business, Blaine Campus1343 Words   |  6 PagesReligion: Islam Nicole Hedblum Intercultural Communications Minnesota School of Business, Blaine Campus Islam is a religion that has come into the spotlight in recent years, partly because of charges that have been brought against its members. The most notable mention of Islam today is that of the Islamic State (ISIS), which seeks to build a caliphate in Syria. It is, therefore, crucial to understand the religion of Islam itself in order to be better guided in information about the religion

Synthesis, Purification and Identification of an Ester free essay sample

An ester was synthesized from the conversion of acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol. A mixture of isopentyl alcohol and sulfuric acid was separated and distilled to purify the ester. Physical properties were compared to known standards for identification. Purification through steam distillation was determined comparing a range of boiling points of a known compound and the mixture, which was observed at 134Â ° C. Steam distillation produced 12. 969g of ester. Theoretical yield was calculated at 19. 138g, resulting in 67. 77% recovery. It was detected that the ester smelled similar to bananas. Various methods of spectroscopy were then performed, including IR and spectras from HNMR, CNMR, COSY, and HQMC were analyzed to predict bond formations and structure of the ester. GS-MS was run to predict the percent of the product synthesized and its molecular formula. Molecular mass of the ester was 130. 19 g/mol. It was concluded that the ester formed was isopentyl acetate, C5H11O2. INTRODUCTION Esters are found in nearly aspect of life. Naturally occurring in animals as fats and in plants, esters are what give the flavor and fragrance of many fruits and flowers. They also make up a form of textile known as polyester. Esters are commonly used as solvents, added to foods and candies as artificial flavorings and included in perfumes and soaps as artificial scents. Essential oils are distilled from the leaves, flowers, stems, roots or other parts of a plant. They are highly concentrated and contain the pure essence of the plant. Essential oils are used most often in aromatherapy. They can be used as an inhalation treatment, as well as applied to the body. They can also be used as fresheners or as a natural pest repellant. Additionally, hydrosols, which are the aromatic waters that remain as a byproduct from producing essential oils by way of steam distillation, are also used commercially. 5 Esters are organic compounds formed from a reaction between an organic acid and an alcohol. Esters are synthesized through esterification. The process, also known as Fisher esterification, is a substitution reaction that uses an acid catalyst to produce an ester. Esters are isolated and purified by way of steam distillation. The steam vaporizes the volatile compounds of a natural product, which when condensed produces a liquid that can be collected and the ester purified. Further isolation is done by separation extraction. Steam distillation is an optimal way to separate volatile compounds from nonvolatile contaminants in high yield and is used extensively in the isolation of natural products. 3 Figure 1 shows the set-up of a steam distillation apparatus. 4 Figure 1 Esters can be identified based on structure and bond formations, in addition to physical properties. Spectroscopy is used to determine what ester has been produced. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) is used to detect vibrational energies of functional groups of atoms present. IR spectra show each functional group vibrates at different wavelengths and frequencies of light. A database of IR spectra from a vast collection of compounds is used for comparisons when trying to identify an ester. The spectra will show characteristic peaks for specific bond types present. Another form of spectroscopy is known as nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR. It can determine the location of atoms such as carbon and hydrogen within a molecule using strong magnetic fields. The nuclei of some atoms act as a small magnet and can be aligned when in the presence of a stronger magnet. Radio waves are then presented to a sample in order to cause the nuclei to flip direction. Different atoms require unique wavelengths in order to be flipped. The peaks of these wavelengths can be analyzed to determine chemical shift, giving atom numbers and functional group information. Carbon NMR gives the number of unique carbons as a single peak on a spectrum, while functional groups appear based on what is attached. Electron density is the main factor when determining chemical shift. Atoms with fewer electrons appear downfield, such as carbon attached to a high electronegative atom. As more electrons shield the atom from the effects of the magnetic field, decreasing the energy required to flip the nuclei, the peak appears upfield. A reference point using TMS is always given. Hydrogen NMR, also called proton NMR, gives the number of unique hydrogens present. It also gives functional group information, in addition to giving the relative number of hydrogens using integration and the number of hydrogens on adjacent carbons. Peaks can appear split on a spectrum. This is due to the magnetic influence they have on nearby atoms. This splitting occurs only when there are hydrogens located on the adjacent carbon, but not when hydrogen is attached to other atoms. Peak splitting has specific names for the number of peaks present. One peak in a singlet, two peaks is a doublet, three peaks is a triplet, four peaks is a quartet and peaks with five or more splits is known as a multiplet with the number of peaks present given as part of the name. 2D NMR, known as COSY and HMQC GC-MS The following experiment was conducted to synthesize an ester through esterification, separate and purify the ester through distillation and identify the ester through spectroscopy to determine chemical structure and according to physical properties. The process of distillation is an ideal way to isolate useful compounds, such as esters, in a manner that will purify the compound and produce a high yield of product. This is an important step when attempting to synthesize esters for commercial use. Natural product extraction requires purity whether the sample is being used merely for testing purposes or if intended for public use. Separation of the product helps in maintaining its purity and presents the greatest likelihood of proper identification. Highly accurate testing through IR, NMR, GS-MS with a pure sample will determine the correct structure based on comparisons with known compounds and issue definitive results. RESULTS and DISCUSSION Synthesis is the process of combining separate substances to make a complete compound through chemical reactions. Formation of esters using Fisher esterification occurs by refluxing carboxylic acid and an alcohol using an acid catalyst. Fisher esterification is a nucleophilic substitution reaction where the reaction mechanism occurs in several steps. First, a proton is transferred from the catalyst to the carbonyl oxygen. The nucleophilic oxygen of the alcohol attacks the carbonyl carbon. There is an additional proton transfer to a second molecule of the alcohol. Water leaves and deprotonation forms the ester. The reaction is shown in the figure below. 2 Reaction mechanism IR spectrum C NMR H NMR COSY HMQC HQMC Expansion GC-MS GC-MS Theoretical yield was calculated using the molar ratio of the limiting reagent, which was 0. The amount recovered of 12. 969g was then divided by the theoretical yield of 19. 138g and multiplied by 100 to give percent yield of 67. 77%. The calculations below indicate the results. (reagent in excess) (limiting reagent) (theoretical yield) (percent yield) SUMMARY In conclusion, EXPERIMENTAL General Procedures Acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol were used to in the synthesis of an ester of isopentyl acetate by way of Fisher esterification. These were reagent grade products purchased for the experiment and used without need for additional purification. Analysis of the ester was performed using a GC-MS model 6890 N Agilent with 5975 inert mass selection detector. The oven temperature runs at 30Â ° C for 3 minutes, ramps up 20Â ° C every minute until temperature reaches 140Â ° C, which holds for 2 minutes. Injector temperature is 250Â ° C with an auxiliary temperature of 280Â ° C. The column used was HP-5ms capillary size 30m by 0. 25mm coated with 0. 25 microns of 5% phenyl-95% methylsiloxane based stationary phase. 10Additional analysis was run using a JEOL 400 SS NMR spectrometer. It contains a 400 MHz magnet and automates various NMR measurements such as two-dimensional NMR measurement and one-dimensional measurement of 1H and 13C or other nuclei. 11 The sample containing a small amount of ester and deuterated chloroform, Chloroform-d, was added to an NMR tube and adjusted into place in a spinner. The tube was wiped to prevent issues with spinning or incorrect data being processed with the sample. The spinner was inserted into the NMR and data acquired through processing software. The experiment was carried out according to procedures of Mohring, et al. from experiment 4 of the Organic Chem Lab textbook.

Teen suicide Essay Example For Students

Teen suicide Essay Teen Suicide Each year, thousands of our children are dying, not from cancer or car accidents, but by their own hands. They make the choice to take their lives. The number of teenagers who take their lives is rapidly increasing each year. Teen suicide has increased four-fold in the last few decades and is now the third leading cause of death among youth 15-25 years of age(Teen Suicide,NP). In youth 5-14 years of age, suicide is the sixth leading cause of death(TeenSuicide,NP). Teen suicide is out of control and no one seems to realize just how bad the issue is becoming. Society needs to be more aware of the causes and warning signs that often lead to suicide in young children. Depression is often associated with suicide, but the problem can usually be prevented with proper treatment such as counseling or anti-depressants. About five to ten percent of teens at some time in their life suffer from depression, and if not treated properly, depression can lead to suicide in almost fifteen percent of those troubled teens(The Demon Called Depression,pg.12). Depression is the typical trigger for most suicide attempts. We will write a custom essay on Teen suicide specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now For example, in the novel Who Killed Christopher? by Irina Korschunow, a boy named Christopher suffered from depression for a while but no one ever figured it out until he roe in front of a car and committed suicide. Many factors can contribute to depression and eventually suicide. The first one would be negative thoughts and actions such as low self-esteem, perfectionism, substance abuse, heavy drinking, and eating disorders. If a teenager experiences any one of those problems that most likely means he or she will eventually suffer from depression. External and personal pressures may also be a contribution to depression. These include abuse, parental divorce, girlfriend/boyfriend breakups, pregnancy, loss of a loves one, and conflicts between parents. Those pressures on teens are the ones most closely related to suicide(The Demon Called Depression,pg.12) Some teens, when faced with adult problems, do not know how to cope with them. That is why more parents, teachers, and friends need to be alert about troubled teens. Once a teenager is faced with depression, he or she will need extra special treatment to get their lives back on track. The National Mental Health Association has found that four out of five people who attempt suicide show at least one of the following depressive signs: an obsession with death, suicide threats, a drastic change in appearance or personality, strange behavior, a change in eating or sleeping habits, a drastic drop in grades, and the desire to give away ones belongings(The Demon Called Depression,pg.12). When a teenager shows any one of those signs, they are usually suffering from some sort of depression and could be seriously thinking about suicide. A few not as common signs of depression could be behaviors such as abusing drugs, fighting, or even smoking cigarettes. Too many of our young people are dying because of the simple fact that they have no one to talk to or discuss their problems with. An estimated five hundred thousand teenagers try to kill themselves each year, and about five thousand succeed(Teen Suicide,NP). Those statistics are right up there with cancer and homicide. There are so many ways teenage suicide can be prevented, but most adults do not want to be bothered or simply believe that their child is depressed or suicidal. More often than not the problem is swept under the carpet and ignored. Our youth in America are important too, unfortunately in many cases, parents do not realize their child has a problem until it is too late. . Teen suicide Essay Example For Students Teen suicide Essay Teen Suicide Each year, thousands of our children are dying, not from cancer or car accidents, but by their own hands. They make the choice to take their lives. The number of teenagers who take their lives is rapidly increasing each year. Teen suicide has increased four-fold in the last few decades and is now the third leading cause of death among youth 15-25 years of age(Teen Suicide,NP). In youth 5-14 years of age, suicide is the sixth leading cause of death(TeenSuicide,NP). Teen suicide is out of control and no one seems to realize just how bad the issue is becoming. Society needs to be more aware of the causes and warning signs that often lead to suicide in young children. Depression is often associated with suicide, but the problem can usually be prevented with proper treatment such as counseling or anti-depressants. About five to ten percent of teens at some time in their life suffer from depression, and if not treated properly, depression can lead to suicide in almost fifteen percent of those troubled teens(The Demon Called Depression,pg.12). Depression is the typical trigger for most suicide attempts. We will write a custom essay on Teen suicide specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now For example, in the novel Who Killed Christopher? by Irina Korschunow, a boy named Christopher suffered from depression for a while but no one ever figured it out until he roe in front of a car and committed suicide. Many factors can contribute to depression and eventually suicide. The first one would be negative thoughts and actions such as low self-esteem, perfectionism, substance abuse, heavy drinking, and eating disorders. If a teenager experiences any one of those problems that most likely means he or she will eventually suffer from depression. External and personal pressures may also be a contribution to depression. These include abuse, parental divorce, girlfriend/boyfriend breakups, pregnancy, loss of a loves one, and conflicts between parents. Those pressures on teens are the ones most closely related to suicide(The Demon Called Depression,pg.12) Some teens, when faced with adult problems, do not know how to cope with them. That is why more parents, teachers, and friends need to be alert about troubled teens. Once a teenager is faced with depression, he or she will need extra special treatment to get their lives back on track. The National Mental Health Association has found that four out of five people who attempt suicide show at least one of the following depressive signs: an obsession with death, suicide threats, a drastic change in appearance or personality, strange behavior, a change in eating or sleeping habits, a drastic drop in grades, and the desire to give away ones belongings(The Demon Called Depression,pg.12). When a teenager shows any one of those signs, they are usually suffering from some sort of depression and could be seriously thinking about suicide. A few not as common signs of depression could be behaviors such as abusing drugs, fighting, or even smoking cigarettes. Too many of our young people are dying because of the simple fact that they have no one to talk to or discuss their problems with. An estimated five hundred thousand teenagers try to kill themselves each year, and about five thousand succeed(Teen Suicide,NP). Those statistics are right up there with cancer and homicide. There are so many ways teenage suicide can be prevented, but most adults do not want to be bothered or simply believe that their child is depressed or suicidal. More often than not the problem is swept under the carpet and ignored. Our youth in America are important too, unfortunately in many cases, parents do not realize their child has a problem until it is too late. . Teen Suicide Essay Example For Students Teen Suicide Essay Teen Suicide Each year, thousands of our children are dying, not from cancer or car accidents, but by their own hands. They make the choice to take their lives. The number of teenagers who take their lives is rapidly increasing each year. Teen suicide has increased four-fold in the last few decades and is now the third leading cause of death among youth 15-25 years of age(Teen Suicide,;NP). In youth 5-14 years of age, suicide is the sixth leading cause of death(TeenSuicide,;NP). Teen suicide is out of control and no one seems to realize just how bad the issue is becoming. Society needs to be more aware of the causes and warning signs that often lead to suicide in young children. Depression is often associated with suicide, but the problem can usually be prevented with proper treatment such as counseling or anti-depressants. About five to ten percent of teens at some time in their life suffer from depression, and if not treated properly, depression can lead to suicide in almost fifteen percent of those troubled teens(The Demon Called Depression,;pg.12). Depression is the typical trigger for most suicide attempts. We will write a custom essay on Teen Suicide specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now For example, in the novel Who Killed Christopher? by Irina Korschunow, a boy named Christopher suffered from depression for a while but no one ever figured it out until he roe in front of a car and committed suicide. Many factors can contribute to depression and eventually suicide. The first one would be negative thoughts and actions such as low self-esteem, perfectionism, substance abuse, heavy drinking, and eating disorders. If a teenager experiences any one of those problems that most likely means he or she will eventually suffer from depression. External and personal pressures may also be a contribution to depression. These include abuse, parental divorce, girlfriend/boyfriend breakups, pregnancy, loss of a loves one, and conflicts between parents. Those pressures on teens are the ones most closely related to suicide(The Demon Called Depression,;pg.12) Some teens, when faced with adult problems, do not know how to cope with them. That is why more parents, teachers, and friends need to be alert about troubled teens. Once a teenager is faced with depression, he or she will need extra special treatment to get their lives back on track. The National Mental Health Association has found that four out of five people who attempt suicide show at least one of the following depressive signs: an obsession with death, suicide threats, a drastic change in appearance or personality, strange behavior, a change in eating or sleeping habits, a drastic drop in grades, and the desire to give away ones belongings(The Demon Called Depression,;pg.12). When a teenager shows any one of those signs, they are usually suffering from some sort of depression and could be seriously thinking about suicide. A few not as common signs of depression could be behaviors such as abusing drugs, fighting, or even smoking cigarettes. Too many of our young people are dying because of the simple fact that they have no one to talk to or discuss their problems with. An estimated five hundred thousand teenagers try to kill themselves each year, and about five thousand succeed(Teen Suicide,;NP). Those statistics are right up there with cancer and homicide. There are so many ways teenage suicide can be prevented, but most adults do not want to be bothered or simply believe that their child is depressed or suicidal. More often than not the problem is swept under the carpet and ignored. Our youth in America are important too, unfortunately in many cases, parents do not realize their child has a problem until it is too late. .

The Eyes essays

The Eyes essays The eye houses 70% of all sensory receptors of the body. At first glance, the eye seems to be a simple structure, but it is very complex. The actual eye or eyeball is a hollow sphere consisting of many parts. The structure includes the ora serrata retinae, ciliary body, suspensory ligament, cornea, iris, pupil, anterior pole, anterior segment, lens, the scleral venous sinus, the posterior segment, the sclera, the choroid, the treina, the macula lutea, the fovea centralis, the posterior pole, the optic nerve, the central artery and the vein of the retina and the optic disc. Each of these performs a unique function. When abnormalities occur, the result is a vision problem, disease or blindness. The vascular tunic or uvea is the middle coat of the eyeball. It has three regions called the choroid, ciliary body and the iris. The choroid is a dark brown membrane that provided nutrition to the eye tunics. The ciliary body is a thickened ring of tissue that encircles the lens and consists of muscle bundles. The iris is the colored part of the eye, which is the visible portion seen and referred to as a persons eye color. It is shaped like a flat doughnut and is located between the cornea and the lens. The pupil is the round central opening of the iris and allows light to enter the eye. The retina also known as the sensory tunic consists of two layers, a pigmented layer and a neural (nervous) layer. The neural layer of the retina plays a direct role in vision. It is composed of three types of neurons: photoreceptors, bipolar cells and ganglion cells. Rods and cones are found in ural retinas. Rods aid in our dim-light and peripheral vision while cones aid in our bright light and high color vision. There are also various chamber and fluids within the eye, which aid in proper vision and prevention of disease and blindness. The lens is the biconves, transparent, flexible structure of the eye that can change shape and ...

Battle of Guilford Court House in the American Revolution

Battle of Guilford Court House in the American Revolution Battle of Guilford Courthouse - Conflict Date: The Battle of Guilford Court House occurred on March 15, 1781, and was part of the southern campaign of the American Revolution (1775-1783). Armies Commanders: Americans Major General Nathanael Greene4,400 men British Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis1,900 men Battle of Guilford Court House - Background: In the wake of Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarletons defeat at the Battle of Cowpens in January 1781, Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis turned his attention to pursuing Major General Nathanael Greenes small army. Racing through North Carolina, Greene was able to escape over the swollen Dan River before the British could bring him to battle. Making camp, Greene was reinforced by fresh troops and militia from North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland. Pausing at Hillsborough, Cornwallis attempted to forage for supplies with little success before moving on to the forks of Deep River.   He also endeavored to recruit Loyalist troops from the region. While there on March 14, Cornwallis was informed that General Richard Butler was moving to assault his troops. In actuality, Butler had led the reinforcements that had joined Greene. The following night, he received reports that the Americans were near Guilford Court House. Despite only having 1,900 men on hand, Cornwallis resolved to take the offensive.   Detaching his baggage train, his army began marching that morning. Greene, having re-crossed the Dan, had established a position near Guilford Court House. Forming his 4,400 men in three lines, he loosely replicated the alignment used by Brigadier General Daniel Morgan at Cowpens. Battle of Guilford Court House - Greenes Plan: Unlike the previous battle, Greenes lines were several hundred yards apart and were unable to support each other. The first line was comprised of North Carolina militia and rifleman, while the second consisted of Virginia militia situated in a thick forest. Greenes final and strongest line was comprised of his Continental regulars and artillery. A road ran through the center of the American position. The fighting opened approximately four miles from the Court House when Tarletons Light Dragoons encountered Lieutenant Colonel Henry Light Horse Harry Lees men near Quaker New Garden Meeting House. Battle of Guilford Court House - Fighting Begins: After a  sharp fight which led the 23rd Regiment of Foot advancing to aid Tarleton, Lee withdrew back to the main American lines. Surveying Greenes lines, which were on rising ground, Cornwallis began advancing his men along the west side of the road around 1:30 PM. Moving forward, British troops began taking heavy fire from the North Carolina militia which was positioned behind a fence. The militia was supported by Lees men who had taken a position on their left flank. Taking casualties, the British officers urged their men forward, ultimately compelling the militia to break and flee into the nearby woods (Map). Battle of Guilford Court House - Cornwallis Bloodied: Advancing into the woods, the British quickly encountered the Virginia militia. On their right, a Hessian regiment pursued Lees men and Colonel William Campbells riflemen away from the main battle. In the woods, the Virginians offered stiff resistance and fighting often became hand-to-hand. After half and hour of bloody fighting which saw a number of disjointed British attacks, Cornwallis men were able to flank the Virginians and force them to retreat. Having fought two battles, the British emerged from the wood to find Greenes third line on high ground across an open field. Charging forward, British troops on the left, led by Lieutenant Colonel James Webster, received a disciplined volley from Greenes Continentals. Thrown back, with heavy casualties, including Webster, they regrouped for another attack. To the east of the road, British troops, led by Brigadier General Charles OHara, succeeded in breaking through the 2nd Maryland and turning Greenes left flank. To avert disaster, the 1st Maryland turned and counterattacked, while Lieutenant Colonel William Washingtons dragoons struck the British in the rear. In an effort to save his men, Cornwallis ordered his artillery to fire grapeshot into the melee. This desperate move killed as many of his own men as Americans, however it halted Greenes counterattack. Though the outcome was still in doubt, Greene was concerned about the gap in his lines. Judging it prudent to depart the field, he ordered a withdrawal up Reedy Creek Road towards Speedwell Ironworks on Troublesome Creek. Cornwallis attempted a pursuit, however his casualties were so high that it was quickly abandoned when Greenes Virginia Continentals offered resistance. Battle of Guilford Court House - Aftermath: The Battle of Guilford Court House cost Greene 79 killed and 185 wounded. For Cornwallis, the affair was much bloodier with losses numbering 93 dead and 413 wounded. These amounted to over a quarter of his force. While a tactical victory for the British, Guilford Court House cost the British losses they could ill-afford.   Though unhappy with the result of the engagement, Greene wrote to the Continental Congress and stated that the British have met with a defeat in a victory. Low on supplies and men, Cornwallis retired to Wilmington, NC to rest and refit. Shortly thereafter, he embarked on an invasion of Virginia. Freed from facing Cornwallis, Greene set about liberating much of South Carolina and Georgia from the British. Cornwallis campaign in Virginia would end that October with his surrender following the Battle of Yorktown. Selected Sources Guilford Court House National Military ParkBritish Battles: Battle of Guilford Court HouseUS Army Center for Military History: Battle of Guilford Courthouse

Compare and contrast the regional variations that are prevalent in the Research Paper

Compare and contrast the regional variations that are prevalent in the Romanesque Church architecture of Lombardy, Germany and the Low Countries, and Tuscany Give examples - Research Paper Example This style of construction and building can be identified in almost all parts of Europe. The most notable buildings that are still standing presently are the churches, with some of these being the large cathedrals and abbey churches (Jackson 32-34). According to Fletcher (25-27), the church was the ultimate emblematic structure of the Romanesque architecture, and since they were constructed to meet specific needs of liturgy, their construction was depended on the needs. These churches had similar architectural designs that included the thick walls semi-circular arches, towers, roofs and round arches in arcades, doors, windows and vaults (Jackson 36). However, these churches differed in the ground plans, the shape and position of towers, shape of columns, piers and the east end, and the building materials (Fletcher 28). This paper seeks to give the similarities and differences between the Romanesque Church architecture of Germany and the Low Countries, Lombardy and Tuscany. The Romanesque architects constructed myriad buildings with most of them being abbey and village churches, castles and cathedrals (Itcher 23). All these churches were constructed to shelter, welcome and hold the faithful in an environment that was dignified and gave a sense of depth and an ambulatory apse (Flecher 31). The Romanesque churches were built with an interior that was complex and with a densely molded material typified by strong chiaroscuro differences that strengthened the plastic outlines of the columns and heightened the sense of encrusted distinctive thickness and spatial depth (Jackson 44-45). From a structural standpoint, this was successful due to the implementation of the system of anchorages taken as longitudinal units; they were made to be spatial bodies that were added to the next one in a symmetrical manner (Icher 49). The buildings had an isolated crossing that was a normal aspect